Physical Restraint in Mental Health Facilities should be a...

Physical/manual restraint should be an option of last resort to manage the risk of serious imminent harm because it involves risk to the physical and psychological health of both staff and consumers. In view of the possible connection between face down restraint and sudden death, if face down restraint is used, it will be time limited. The maximum time a person will be held on the ground in face down restraint is approximately 2-3 minutes to allow sufficient time to administer medication and/or remove the person to a safer environment. Physical/manual restraint by a team, mechanical restraint and seclusion should only be used for people detained in a mental health facility under the NSW Mental Health Act 2007 or the Mental Health (Forensic Provisions) Act 1990. If one of these interventions is applied to a voluntary patient, a Medical Officer (M.O.) must assess them as soon as possible after the event to review their status under the Mental Health Act. Non-declared mental health faci lities should have appropriate policies and procedures to ensure that if restraint is required within non-declared mental health units, such as Transitional Behavioural Assessment and Intervention Service (T-BASIS) units, then any necessary consent is obtained consistent with the NSW Guardianship Act 1987. A patient cannot be confined in a mechanical restraint device inside a locked room at any time A person held in a four limb restraint device will not be cared for in a public areaShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Physical Restraint Essay1782 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of physical restraint is quite common among caregivers in health facilities when dealing with geriatric patients. Yet this topic is one of the most debated issues in healthcare and medicine. The purpose of medical restraints is to prevent patients from harming themselves or those around them. It seems to be a simple solution and panacea for unruly patients who needs to be treated. However, ethical implications surround its usage as the practice of physically restricting people strips themRead MoreSolitary Confinement Units1172 Words   |  5 Pagessolitary confinement has become very popular. Inmates are being sent to solitary confinement for indefinite periods of time ranging from weeks to years. An Urban Institute survey of self-identified supermax wardens reported 44 states with at least one facility relatively housing 25,000 prisoners (Arrigo and Bullock, 2008). Additionally, it is believed that as prisons are being overpopulated, the numbers are increasing throughout the years. Prisoners are locked behinds cells confined in a small spaceRead MoreCover Sheet For Assignments And Clinical Evaluation Forms2249 Words   |  9 Pagesliving in an aged care facility that has been restrained against her will due to taking other peoples belongings. Using the Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee’s (2006) Ethical Decision making framework to approach the ethical dilemma. Restraining Mrs Alston has caused anger and a near experience of physical assault. Her family have become aware of these restraints and are unhappy. The resident faces the medical problem of being a dementia patient. The result of this has caused anger, physical assault and incontinenceRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Imprisonment1707 Words   |  7 Pagessurveillance (Smith, Peter Scharff, 2006.) Inmates have no social contact. Visits and phone calls are infrequent and highly restricted. Visits sometime only take place via video screens. The physical contact one experiences is limited to the interaction with prison guards, weather it be putting on restraints or taking them off. But what affect does all of this have on a prisoner? The human brain is ill-adapted to such conditions, and activists and some psychologists equate it to torture. SolitaryRead MoreOverview of Dementia Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesof dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has been recently separated from her daughter who was her primary carer and her husband who were both unable to cope with her agitated behaviour. Margaret now resides in an age care facility. Margaret’s mental and emotional health is a cause for concern and the family are upset and are struggling with feelings of guilt and anger. This paper with discuss the intervention professional healthcare workers can implement to reduce the turbulence of this transitionalRead MoreCase Study Winterbourne View6587 Words   |  27 Pagesand secretly filmed within the hospital for 5 weeks. Before he went undercover the BBC sent Jo on a private training course on ways to best care for people with learning disabilities. Following this he fully understood restraint should be a last resort, and all other attempts should be made before using such methods. Whilst filming there were several incidents of extreme abuse witnessed, a service user was doused with water fully clothed, left outside on a cold March day and left shivering on theRead More Preventing Workplace Violence Essay4918 Words   |  20 Pagesand ourselves. The ability to identify which workplaces have a higher risk factor then others will be to our benefit and add to our effectiveness as an administrator. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines workplace violence as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse occurring in the work setting. It includes but is not limited to beatings, stabbings, suicides, shootings, rapes, near suicides, and psychological traumas, such as threats, obsceneRead MoreSafety and Hazards in Oil and Gas Industry4535 Words   |  19 Pages Occupational Hazards What is? An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm a worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories: safety hazards that cause accidents that physically injure workers, and health hazards which result in the development of disease. It is important to note that a hazard only represents a potential to cause harm. Whether it actually does cause harm will depend on circumstances Risk and Hazard The hazard posed by some materialRead MoreSafety and Hazards in Oil and Gas Industry4544 Words   |  19 Pagesoil. Occupational Hazards What is? An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm a worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories: safety hazards that cause accidents that physically injure workers, and health hazards which result in the development of disease. It is important to note that a hazard only represents a potential to cause harm. Whether it actually does cause harm will depend on circumstances Risk and Hazard The hazard posed by some materialRead MoreUnderstanding Specific Needs- Health and Social Care Related Essay5310 Words   |  22 Pagespeople have of health, disability, illness and behaviour in a health and social care context. It will also look into and explain how attitudes towards individuals with specific needs and perceptions of those needs change over time and differ between cultures. I will then analyse how legislation, society, culture and social policy interact to influence attitudes toward and service development for individuals with specific needs. The World Health Organisation (WHO, 1946) describes health as ‘a state

Essay about Howard Stern - 1891 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How might one explain Howard Stern? Yes, he is a refreshing change from the typical, politically correct figure, and he provides humor and sex for late night audiences who are growing weary of Leno and Letterman. And while Howard Stern, shock jock turned television host, is more on the same wavelength as a Jerry Springer than a late night comic, Stern has always claimed--like Jerry--that his show is just an act. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The idea that Howard Stern could come close--but not too close--to naked women on his television show, might have created the impression that this was just an act after all. He would say things that any other husband could not get away with, and it was okay, because it†¦show more content†¦Although he has achieved remarkable success for an unremarkable act, he is obviously not happy in his personal life. What Stern continues to do is to integrate his radio persona with real life and in some ways, he cannot separate the two. What most people know about Sterns one big mistake had nothing to do with a lesbian bimbo getting too close, but rather his talking about Alisons miscarriage on the air. That is what most know about Howard Stern. His life has been aired in the film Private Parts and he tells the world how he feels every day. While he is flamboyant, and pushes the envelope, one thing is true. Howard Stern is at least consistent. What does this mean ? While Stern on one hand objectifies women on the show, and then talks about his wife lovingly, that is a contradiction. But he maintains that this act is just that and both parts of that personality co-exist. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many wonder why the show is still on the air as it is somewhat offensive and really does nothing new, even as the years go by. Ratings had in fact dropped for this successful host, but they soon picked up again. Donovan reported that while Sterns Saturday night show had been in the doldrums, the marital breakup had helped ratings (Donovan 226). But one question remains. What will Stern do now that he is on available again? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;That is not an easy one to answer.Show MoreRelated Howard Stern Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Howard Stern has been labeled as many things, such as offensive, obnoxious, discussing and by the majority of his listeners a genius. He grew up in a suburb of Manhattan in the early sixties. His father, Ben Stern, worked at radio station WHOM where the was the engineer. His father commuted every day about 40 miles to and from work. Howard would spend little time with his father but on occasion he would get to go to work with him. This is what interested Howard to beingRead MoreEssay about Censorship In Radio1334 Words   |  6 Pagesare. If you are tagged by the FCC anything the broadcaster does or says is monitored and picked over and fined.( Howard stern. King Of All Media.165-166 ) The FCC has been picking on Howard Stern for years, they singled Howard for doing â€Å"trash radio†. But according to Stern other programs are saying or doing the same if not worse things than he is. Stern tells of when Geraldo said (Stern Miss America. 526-530.) in a show about the Mennendez brothers being molested for doing something wrong. â€Å"Hell,Read MoreEssay on Censorship in Television and Radio3028 Words   |  13 Pages6, decided to focus our attention on censorship in television and on the radio. We showed most of the attention to the Janet Jackson incident in Super Bowl 38 when looking at television, and for radio, focused on the FCC and disc jockeys like Howard Stern. Here are the television articles as done by three of ou r group members. If there is a single most important event that happened in television that caused major ramifications, it would be the Janet Jackson’s â€Å"wardrobe malfunction† during theRead MoreBusiness Proposal For Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages(Sirius) According to Radio Ink, the largest deal so far was announced on October 6, 2004 when Sirius announced that it signed a five-year, $100 million agreement with Howard Stern to move his radio show, The Howard Stern Show, to Sirius starting January 9, 2006. This deal gave Sirius exclusive rights to Stern’s radio show but also gave Stern the right to build three full-time programming channels. (Radio Ink) According to Sirius, one cornerstone of their business strategy has been to pursue exclusiveRead MoreSnapple Case Study1025 Words   |  5 Pagesthat serviced the cold-chain of food services, gas stations and the like. As for the marketing side, Snapple had established a spokesmodel, Wendy Kaufma n, who became the quirky Snapple personality. This lead the brand to sponsor radio programs of Howard Stern and Rush Limbaugh. The Snapple brand became fashionable and unconventional and at the same time natural and real. Snapple became the leading brand of the Alternative beverage category. In 1992, the founders sold control of Snapple to Thomas HRead More Satellite Radio and Howard Stern Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pages Satellite Radio: Will Howard Sterns move make us change the way we think about radio? Howard Sterns plan to move to satellite radio in January 2006 marks a major turning point for the radio industry. Not only has Stern brought the  possibility of subscribing to satellite radio into the minds of the millions in his audience, he has also gotten more people to start thinking and talking about what really distinguishes satellite radio from traditional radio. Satellite radio was first authorizedRead MoreMy Thoughts On The Girl Front Of A Mirror1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe Howard Stern Show, and they’re gonna give me test shots, and tell what they think, and recommend me to Playboy! My mind suddenly felt dry and the room grew very small. The words stung the air like tiny sparks. Letter. Howard Stern. Playboy. I tried as hard as I could to understand what it was that she was saying, but my mind couldn t even begin to process it. Then luckily the feminist in me broke free from my mind s temporary stupor. Are you out of you ever loving mind! Howard Stern, you’reRead MoreI Am An Avid Howard Stern Watcher / Listener And Robin Quivers1388 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience any of the emotional breakdown the book described for days 5-7. Which incidentally I read the book completely. Way to many testamonials in there. I wanted to try this diet because everything else I have tried has failed and I am an avid Howard Stern watcher/listener and Robin Quivers kept bragging about it. I had numerous questions and emailed Dr. Roni and group countless times each time their answers were very vague and not helpful to which I finally said I realize I am not a famous personRead MoreRogerian Argument1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdrafted straight out of high school. Lebron James, Kobe Bryant, and Dwight Howard are just a few examples. Even though, as of 2006, the NBA eligibility rule states that a player entering the NBA draft must be at least nineteen years old and a year removed from high school, it is still a huge debate in the sports world of whether or not this rule is the right choice. Before the rule was set in place, NBA commissioner David Stern said, â€Å"We have the right to set an age limit in the collective bargainingRead MoreSnapple Case Study1175 Words   |  5 Pageseasily recognizable to many people: â€Å"Schnapple†, by Ivan Lendl. When the brand began using Wendy Kaufman, a real person living a real life, as their spokes model the wildfire began nationwide. She made appearances on David Letterman and Oprah, and Howard Stern and Rush Limbaugh became avid supporters of the beverage brand. Place: This aspect of the Four P’s was particularly important in the Snapple case. The proximity to New York City proved beneficial in the marketing business aspect. Access to a

Ethical and Quality Control Requirements System

Question: Discuss about the Ethical and Quality Control Requirements System. Answer: Introduction: Ethical issues refer to a problem that requires the organization to identify the alternatives by evaluating the right situation or wrong situation. Organizational sustainability and growth also depends on the ethical behavior within the organization, which is considered as an integral component of the business activity. In general, the business organizations incorporates ethical issues with respect to integrity issues, trust issues, issues on diversification for product manufacturing or business unit, issues on making business decisions as well as organizational governance issues (Weiss 2014). In the present case, Ethical Hemp Ltd that was incorporated in the year 2005 and founded by Saffron Banksia and Esme Acacia found to have faced certain ethical issues that affected the analysis of true financial position of the business during the year 2016. One of the basic ethical issues identified in the present case is fundamental issues with respect to the integrity and trust within the business organization. As per the regulatory framework for business ethics, it is essential for the organizations to maintain honesty and fair means to operate the business activities (Apesb.org.au 2017). In the given case, the directors of the company Saffron and Esme appointed a part- time employee Tasma as a community engagement officer who was given the authority to spend the money on community projects as per she deems fit. Considering the regulatory framework of business organizations, it is against the business ethical regulations to provide the authority to a part time employee for spendi ng the organization funds. Second ethical issue that has been identified in the present case is issues on making business decisions for the consent given to Andy for employing junior accountants within the organizations (Shafer 2015). It has been noted that Andy was unable to monitor each aspects of the companys business hence he appointed two junior accountants in accordance with the boards consent given to Andy on employing subordinates. However, Andy appointed two employees for the profile of accounting while one of the employees had no experience on accounting while the other employee was a law professional but handled the work of preparing financial statements. Accordingly, it can be said that the company involved in the ethical issues for making business decisions since the employment of a person with no experience in accounting. Third ethical issue involves in the present case is compliance and governance issue with respect to the monetary reporting and other fiscal laws. It has been observed that the accountants of the company did not prepare appropriate notes on accounts for preparing draft financial statements. In addition, bank statements and other statutory documents also not presented during the board meeting which is considered as significant document for making business decisions. Further, it was found that the company had spent excess amount of fund for expansion of proposed project in European region which was not authorized by the members of the board (Dellaportas et al. 2014). Accordingly, in the present case ethical Hemp Ltd found to be associated with the ethical issues governance and regulatory compliance for not preparing and reporting the financial statements as per the regulations of accounting framework. In the present situation, Andy as well as the directors of the company Saffron Banksia and Esme Acacia can be said to have ethical issues for not being responsible to consider the compliance of relevant principles. Fundamental principles of professional conduct contained in APESB 110 breached by the concerned party As identified in the above requirement, ethical issues on business decisions can be said to be more significant which involves Andys decision on employing junior accountants as well as providing them with the major responsibilities. According to the regulations of APESB 110 on Code of ethics for Professional Accountants a member is required to follow the fundamental principles while conducting professional activities. APESB 110 states that each professional is required to follow the principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality as well as professional behavior (Apesb.org.au 2017). Considering the ethical issue in the present situation, two essential fundamental principles that have been breached are professional behavior and due care as well as professional behavior (Craft 2013). Professional Competence and due care as per section 130 APESB 110 refers to the fundamental principle by which professional members are obligated to maintain the knowledge as well as skills of their profession. According to section 130 under APESB code 110, members are required to possess adequate knowledge of the profession to ensure the clients receive the professional service at competent level (Apesb.org.au 2017). It is essential for the members to act persistently as per the professional standards as well as technical standards while providing services to the organizations and clients (Thibodeau and Freier 2014). Accordingly, in the present situation, Andy violated the fundamental principle of professional competence by appointing inexperienced accountants and provided them the authority for making critical decisions. According to the principles of APESB 110, professional member is required to oblige professional behavior while performing the services which relates to compliance of relevant legislations and regulations (Apesb.org.au 2017). It is essential that a member should not omit to follow the professional standards together with providing the relevant and specific facts to protect the adverse effect on the business organization (Sanusi and Izedonmi 2014). In the given situation, Andy breached the fundamental principle of professional behavior under section 150 since he appointed inexperienced employees for the role of accountant and imposed the critical work part on them (Spence and Carter 2014). It has been noted that the junior accountants presented incomplete financial drafts in the board meeting while Andy remained absent during the meeting. Accordingly, it can be said that Andy did not perform his services by maintaining professional behavior as he himself was responsible to check the c orrectness of financial statement notes and other statutory documents. Ethical course of action In the course of business and profession, it is essential to maintain the professional ethics and due diligence while performing desired services to the clients or organization. The member under the profession as professional accountant is required to follow code of conduct as a responsibility to perform activities for public interest. It is to be noted that the responsibility of professional member is not limited to comply the needs of respective clients or organization but extended to the benefits of public. Accordingly, member as a professional accountant is required to possess the fundamental principles of professional ethics while evaluating the significance and level of acceptance (Ge, Simnett and Zhou 2016). As per the regulations of section 320 under APESB 110, a member responsible to prepare the financial statements of the organization is required to ensure that the relevant accounting standards and principles has been complied with. It is essential for the member to ensure that the financial statements clearly describe the correct nature of transactions including assets and liabilities (Apesb.org.au 2017). Classification and presentation together with the accurate facts and notes to support the valuation should be presented in all material aspects should be done to ensure the transparency of the financial statements of the company (Han Fan, Woodbine and Cheng 2013). Accordingly, in the present case, Andy should have maintained the ethical issues and code of conduct as a professional accountant while performing services within Ethical Hemp Ltd. Considering the first action of Andy for appointing junior accountants, the significant ethical course of action would be examine the accounting experience of the Helen whereas appointment of Conrad should not have been accepted. Secondly, after the appointment, Andy should have guided and trained Conrad and Helen, since both of the junior accountants were inexperienced. Andy himself should have reviewed the work of both the accountants ensuring the principles of professional competence and due care has been complied with. It was Andys responsibility to examine the performance of junior accountants instead of letting them take critical decisions with respect to business operations. In addition, while preparing the draft financial statements for the board meeting during the period January 2017, Andy should have examined the draft financial statements ensuring the inclusion of appropriate notes. Andy should have checked the compliance of accounting framework with respect to the proper presentation of transaction details, classification and support evidence that is bank statements and other statutory documents. Further, statement showing changes in equity is considered to be an integral part of financial statements as per accounting standards, which was not presented by the junior accountants. Hence, Andy should have examined the draft financial statements before presenting it before the board to ensure the inclusion of all relevant information. Analysis of recommended course of action for meeting the principles of professionalism as per the regulations of APESB 110 Regulations of APESB 110 code of ethics for professional accountants states the fundamental principles every professional member is required to follow while providing professional services (Apesb.org.au 2017). The foremost principles of professionalism include integrity which refers to the honesty and fairness while conducting business or professional relationships. In the above case, if Andy would examine the professional competence and experience of junior accountants, principle of integrity have been met. The principle of professionalism incorporates objectivity which is considered to avid interest conflicts, biasness as well as undue influence for making professional judgments (Kipping and Kirkpatrick 2013). Therefore, examining the professional competence, knowledge and skills of Helen and Conrad would have covered the principles of objectivity while preparing the financial statements and considering other critical business decisions. It has been observed that both the junior ac countants were inexperienced and were given the authority for taking critical and significant business decision. Accordingly, Andy failed to comply the principle with respect to the professional competence and due diligence since he did not analyze the expertise of the accountants and imposed the critical business activities on them (Henderson et al. 2015). Professionalism principle in terms of professional competence is required to follow by the members for conducting services in accordance to the relevant legislations and accounting standards (Hurtt et al. 2013). Hence, for appointment of junior accountants if Andy examined the experience of Helen and Conrad then, the principle of due diligence and professional competence would have been met. In order to prepare financial statements and other business services, it is essential to avoid potential conflicts that affect the growth of organization as well as transparency in reporting the financial results. Inexperienced employees as accountants cannot be regarded as professionally competent for considering the significant business decisions, preparation of financial statements and presentation of the reports before the board meeting (Barkemeyer et al. 2014). Accordingly, Andy has been recommended to examine and review the accounting reports prepared by the accountants as an ethical course of action which is considered to have met the principle of professionalism as per APESB 110. According to section 320, professional member is required follow several requirements for preparing and reporting financial information to evaluate the business performance, financial position and necessary business decisions. Therefore, the accounting framework and APESB 110 regulations states that the professional member must ensure the presentation of transaction details, valuation details of assets and liabilities is present in the financial reporting (Apesb.org.au 2017). In addition, the member must ensure that the financial information has been appropriately classified in accordance with the time and nature of the business (Fatemi, Hasseldine and Hite 2014). Therefore, as an experienced professional accountant, Andy should have assessed the draft financial reports presented by the junior accountants to comply with the regulations of section 320 under APESB 110. It is essential to meet the standards of ethics while providing professional services to maintain the social and publi c interest together with the benefits to the business entity (Soltani and Maupetit 2015). Hence, Andy has been responsible to measure the compliance of relevant legislations and standards while reporting financial information in the board meeting which would affect the decision making process of the business. Therefore the ethical course of action for analyzing the work of junior accountants, analysis of relevant notes and bank invoices would serve the purpose of meeting professionalism principles. Reference List Apesb.org.au. 2017. Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board. [online] Available at: https://www.apesb.org.au [Accessed 11 Mar. 2017]. Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L. and Tsang, S., 2014. What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.Sustainable Development,22(1), pp.15-32. Craft, J.L., 2013. A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), pp.221-259. Dellaportas, S., Kanapathippillai, S., Khan, A. and Leung, P., 2014. Ethics education in the Australian accounting curriculum: A longitudinal study examining barriers and enablers.Accounting Education,23(4), pp.362-382. Fatemi, D., Hasseldine, J. and Hite, P., 2014. The impact of professional standards on accounting judgments: The role of availability and comparative information.Research in Accounting Regulation,26(1), pp.26-39. Ge, Q., Simnett, R. and Zhou, S., 2016. Ethical and Quality Control Requirements When Undertaking Assurance Engagements. Han Fan, Y., Woodbine, G. and Cheng, W., 2013. A study of Australian and Chinese accountants attitudes towards independence issues and the impact on ethical judgements.Asian Review of Accounting,21(3), pp.205-222. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hurtt, R.K., Brown-Liburd, H., Earley, C.E. and Krishnamoorthy, G., 2013. Research on auditor professional skepticism: Literature synthesis and opportunities for future research.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.45-97. Kipping, M. and Kirkpatrick, I., 2013. Alternative pathways of change in professional services firms: The case of management consulting.Journal of Management Studies,50(5), pp.777-807. Sanusi, B. and Izedonmi, P.F., 2014. Nigerian commercial banks and creative accounting practices.Journal of Mathematical Finance,2014. Shafer, W.E., 2015. Ethical climate, social responsibility, and earnings management.Journal of Business Ethics,126(1), pp.43-60. Soltani, B. and Maupetit, C., 2015. Importance of core values of ethics, integrity and accountability in the European corporate governance codes.Journal of Management Governance,19(2), pp.259-284. Spence, C. and Carter, C., 2014. An exploration of the professional habitus in the Big 4 accounting firms.Work, Employment and Society,28(6), pp.946-962. Thibodeau, J.C. and Freier, D., 2014.Auditing and accounting cases: Investigating issues of fraud and professional ethics. McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

The catcher in the rye and the stranger Essay Example For Students

The catcher in the rye and the stranger Essay Holden Caulfield and Mersault have both been alienated in their worlds as the authorshave so clearly portrayed in both books. But as much as both have been alienated, one isan essentialist while the other remains an existentialist. Holden Caulfield being theessentialist that he is, has psychological motivation for every action he takes. He is ateenager that is struggling with the fact that everyone has to grow up, which to himmeans that you have to become phony or corrupt.While on the other hand Mersault,the existentialist, does things for no reason whatsoever. He is a completely aloof,unattached , unemotional person. He doesnt think much about events or theirconsequences, nor does he express much feeling in relationships or during emotionaltimes. We will write a custom essay on The catcher in the rye and the stranger specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The similarities between Holden and Mersault are the way they are both in asense alienated from the worlds in which they live in. Holden Caulfield believes that alladults are phony so he doesnt want to become one and so he distances himself from theadult world. He feels that when youre a child you view the world without any bias, yousee everything for what it is. So to stay a child he constantly flunks out of schools backand forth. When you graduate from highschool you are going to the next level whether itbe college or whatever else you want to do, everyone around you will view you as anadult and you yourself will become one. After highschool, most people tend to grow upbut Caulfield is keeping himself in highschool so that he doesnt. In the beginning of the book, Holden sees everyone he knows as phony. Hefeels that he is surrounded by hypocrites in a school filled with fakery. PrincipalThurmur, the principal of Holdens high school of which he got kicked out of, Pencey,was the leade r of the whole charade. During a teacher/parent day, Principal Thurmurwould only say hello to the wealthy parents of students. He would not associate himself with those that were not financially stable, because he was fake. So taking into accountthe way his principal is, it just adds on to his hatred of adults and fear of becoming one. Mersault on the other hand, gets alienated from the society in which he lives inwhich is still the one we live in today. Mersault shows no feelings towards the thingsthat happen to him or the things he does. His own mother died and when he asked hisboss for two days off he was wondering if his boss was mad at the fact he took a four dayweekend. He even went as far as to tell his boss that it wasnt his fault. Mersault rarelyshows any feeling in situations which would, for most people, elicit strong emotions likein his relationship with Marie Cardona. She asked him to marry her and he respondedthat it doesnt matter to him, and if she wants to get married he would agree. She alsoasked him if he loved her and he responded that marriage isnt such a serious thing anddoesnt require love. In our society, a person like Mersault who shows no feeling is likely to berejected. Towards the end of the book, Mersault kills an Arab for no reason whatsoever. During the trial, he is unwilling to lie about the killing of the Arab. Words/ Pages : 564 / 24

Expansion in American History essays

Expansion in American History essays The expansion that took place in America in the early twentieth-century in many ways was a a departure from previous the expansion of the previous century. On the most basic level, the land to be acquired was different. No more uninhabited (or nearly uninhabited considering the Indians) tracts of contiguous land remained to be gobbled up and made into states. The territories in question were now islands in the Caribbean and south Pacific, areas with established governments seemingly unsuitable for state hood, bringing up another departure. America now focused more on spreading its influence through the western hemisphere, ensuring that it maintained a stronger presence than its old world competitors, than on simply adding more acres to the Union. Despite these significant changes, the root motivations for expansion - protection of U.S. intrests and economic growth - remained the same from one century to the next. Thomas Jeffersons Louisiana purchase opened up a golden era for westward expansion, and the territories gained from France would prove vital to Americas economic future. As textile, steel and oil industries began to boom so did the need for the raw materials grown and mined in the west. The government, in order to feed the growing industries with the needed ore, oil or crops, encouraged expansion with the Homestead Act and subsidized rail road companies laying down track into this new frontier. Expansion had contributed to U.S. becoming the economic super power that it did, and now the continuation of such prosperity would raise a demand for expansion. Americans must now look outward. The growing production demands it, Cried Alfred Mahan (document C). Arguing that if America were to compete with the imperialist activities of the European powers, depicted in Thomas Nast's cartoon as plundering thieves, and control trade through the western hemispher ...

Furloughs In Place of Layoffs

Furloughs In Place of Layoffs Free Online Research Papers Abstract Many organizations are turning to furloughs as an option over layoffs. In the short-term, furlough will optimize the cost of productivity while closing the budget gap. In the long-term, the organization is saving because they are able to keep their top employees and not have to hire and re-train staff. In our current time of economic crisis, furlough is an optimal choice for reducing costs and maintaining the integrity of the organization in the least invasive aspect. Executive Summary Are furloughs an optimal option over layoffs in order to reduce a deficit? I currently work at the University of California, San Diego which is part of the implementation for furloughs in an attempt to reduce the deficit without increasing the unemployment rate in California. Currently the state of California is in a 26 billion dollar deficit and climbing, and has resulted in furloughs for state employees. Furlough’s are defined as the placing of an employee in a temporary non-duty, non-pay status because of lack of work or funds, or other non-disciplinary reasons (Bellafronto Cleveland, 2009). In the current difficult economic times many employers are being forced to make difficult decisions to keep their businesses viable, including laying off employees to reduce payroll costs. More employers, however, are considering alternatives to layoffs. These alternatives allow employers to retain staff, particularly top talent and employees with institutional knowledge (Bellafronto Cleveland, 2009). Employers understand that keeping tenured and often loyal employees employed in anticipation of an inevitable upswing in the economy will also reduce the need to re-hire and re-train personnel which is a very costly and timely endeavor (Heathfield, 2009). Although reducing employee salaries may be an easy solution to an economical crisis, such reductions are often discarded as too demoralizing and often leads to employees looking for new employers. In order to avoid losing valued employees, many employers are attempting to reduce labor costs without layoffs are considering two alternatives: 1) mandatory furloughs and 2) reduced work hours. When done correctly, these can result in cost savings, but there are important legal considerations to keep in mind. This paper will discuss the economical impact of furloughs (Bellafronto Cleveland, 2009). Definition Employee furloughs is a mandatory time off work with no pay. Usually furloughs are implemented as an alternative to a layoff. Employee furloughs can occur in both public and private sector organizations (Heathfield, 2009). Furloughs are often implemented when revenue or projected revenue fails to match expenses. Currently, the state of California, is in a budget crisis and there is a mandatory employee furlough being implemented amongst all state employees. At the UC system all 10 campuses are required to take a mandatory furlough or pay cut. During mandatory employee furloughs, employees are required to take unpaid or partially paid time off of work for periods of time (Heathfield, 2009). The employees generally have either scheduled time off or a set amount of days required to be taken off per month or throughout the fiscal year (Bellafronto Cleveland, 2009).. To schedule employees with a contract, including union-represented employees, for employee furloughs, the contract must be renegotiated. The negotiations about employee furloughs generally include a call-back date (Heathfield, 2009). In the state of California the UC school system gave each university the option between mandatory furlough and reduced salary. All of the UC’s individually held town meetings to hear the voice of the employees to analyze what the employees preferred. The employees voted and pushed for a furlough instead of a cut in salary. Although the furlough does ultimately result in a reduced salary, it is demoralizing to have employees work the same amount of hours for reduced pay. As an employee of the UC system, I also voted for the furlough. I strongly believe that it is easier to accept a non-paid day off than a reduction in salary. Fortunately, during employee furloughs, benefits usually continue, which is one of the employee furloughs differentiating factors from a layoff. In addition, other companies have implemented work sharing programs. Work sharing is an Unemployment Insurance program that allows an employer to reduce the number of hours an employee works during a week while unemployment compensation makes up some of the difference in income. Since the current issue is that the state is in a budget deficit, utilizing unemployment would not be cost efficient for the state (Heathfield, 2009). Factors or Costs According to the UC President Mark G. Yudof, effective July 16th, 2009, the UC Board of Regents approved a systemwide furlough as part of a plan to offset $813 million in state funding reductions for the 2008-09 and 2009-10 fiscal years. The furlough is viewed as a short-term solution to close the deficit and manage the budgets under the new budget for the upcoming fiscal year. If the furlough is successful, the university will be able to remove the furloughs and ensure long-term success. Although the university is optimistic about the furlough, it is demoralizing and difficult for the employees to endure. In the current economical situation, and with the constant news of businesses laying off employees, UC employees are appreciative to have a furlough in lieu of a mass layoff. Most California business are amidst a human resources hire freeze, and it is difficult to obtain new jobs. The hire freeze amongst other corporations gives the UC an increase market power. Although, we are amidst a furlough, the furlough is only applicable to non-federally paid employees. The UC campus is made up of both federal and state funds. Fortunately, the furlough is only applicable to state funded employees, such being the case that the federal funded research programs are still very much thriving and now have market power with regards to hiring highly qualified applicants. According to our human resources department, for each job opening we have over 300 applicants and most of the applicants are over qualified but in the current economy are willing to take any job. The university is able to obtain a highly qualified candidate for a lower salary. The federal research funds are an important revenue source for the UC system. These funds are released to the UC along with a 54.5% indirect cost rate that is associated with every dollar spent. For example for every $500,000 that is awarded to the university, $272,500 is allocated as indirect costs. Indirect are allocated as funds are spent, therefore, for every dollar spent 54.5% is revenue for the university. It was a wise decision to exclude the federal research funds of the furlough, because in the end the university would lose revenue and if the funds are not spent by the time allotted, the funds are to be returned to the government. In addition, it is calculated that for every 1 million dollars awarded by the federal government, 17 jobs are created. Measurement According to the UC California Budget News (2009), the UC system faces an unprecedented $813 million deficit in state support. The furlough plan is part of a system wide strategy to address the deficit. In an effort to lessen the hardship on employees, the UC has devised a plan is based on a sliding scale. Employees who have higher salaries will have a larger number of furlough days and a correspondingly higher salary reduction. Salary reductions range from 4 -10 percent. The UC President estimates that the furlough implementation will produce a savings that is estimated to cover about one-quarter of the universities budget gap. On a personal note, I will incur 16 furlough days which is equivalent to a 6% salary cut (UCSD, 2009) In addition to the furloughs, the university also plans to increase student fees in order to eliminate another quarter of the budget gap. All of the departments have been given strict guidelines for immediate debt restructuring, drastic cuts in spending on campuses and within the Office of the President will make up the remainder of the budget gap (UCSD, 2009). Analysis Implementing a furlough is a way to reduce expenses in order to close the budget gap. In doing so, employers are able to keep their staff, and will save money in the long-term as well as the short-term. Hiring new staff is very expensive and not cost-efficient, there are costs associated with training, background checks and it often takes a minimum of 6 months for an employee to get caught up to speed with the other employees. The furlough is a more favorable option to layoffs for employees as well as employers. Although the employees are required to take mandatory furlough days, the workload or demand is not decreasing. The university is constantly in high demand with regards to education as well as research. We are now facing the issue of supply, where supply is the laborers needed to run the university. There are a lot more expectations given to employees who have to do the same amount of work in less demand, and this could affect the productivity of the university. Summary In summary, furloughs are an optimal option over layoffs when used to reduce a deficit. Cost analysis have shown that furloughs are both a short-term as well as a long-term solution to budgetary deficits. The UC system proved to be a great example of an organization that is using this options in order to maintain productivity as well as maintaining the integrity of the UC system. References Maurice, S. Thomas, C. (2008). Managerial Economics, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bellafronto, E. Cleveland B. (March 5, 2009). Furloughs may be smarter than layoffs. Legal times. Heathfield, S. (2009). Employee Furloughs. About.com http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryf/g/furlough.htm UCSD. (July, 2009). University of California Budget News. universityofcalifornia.edu/budget/?page_id=87 Research Papers on Furloughs In Place of LayoffsMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part One

Maimonides Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maimonides - Research Paper Example He was regarded as one of the popular Jewish Philosophical figures from the medieval ages. He was also a great â€Å"Torah† (name given by the Jews to the first five books of Bible) scholar and a well-known physician. Mimonides was born in Cordova, Spain on Passover eve (a unique fast day in Judiasm) in 1135 and died in Egypt (Tiberias) on 20th Tevet (fourth month of Hebrew calendar), December 12, 1204.Besides Maimonides, Cordova was also the birthplace of Avveros (Davidson 7-9). His father â€Å"Maimon†, was the direct descendent of the King David. Maimon served as a judge in the city’s Rabbinical Court. His mother passed away soon after his birth (Mangel). Maimonides was born during the age which is considered by many scholars as the end of the golden period of Jewish culture in the IberismPennisula after passage of first few years of Moorish rule. Muslim rule was established in Cordova and it stood and served as one of the greatest intellectual centers of the world at that point of time (Stroumsa 65). However as reported by Jacobs and Broyde, the situation took a turn and the events became worse when the Almohads invaded in 1148. They offered the local non-Muslims to choose either between Islam or else exile. Otherwise, they will be executed if they would not follow any one of the given alternatives. The family of Maimonides had to leave Cordova forcefully and after wandering here and there for so many years, they at last get settled in Fez, Morroco in 1160. In Morroco, they were unknown to the local authorities which supported them to pass as Muslims.There Maimonides studied at the University of Al-Karaouine.At that time, he started to work on his first religious master piece, â€Å"Commentary on Mishnah†. However, this dual life was increasingly threatening as the Maimonides’ popularity was growing steadily and the higher authorities were investigating regarding the religious disposition of this highly intellectual and gifted young man.  The ongoing inquiry had caused him to be charged with the crime of having reverted from Islam due to the evidenceprovided by an informer. But, due to the intervention of a Muslim friend, he remained successful in escaping the situation. However, these circumstances caused his family once again to leave Fez in 1165 and spent life in search of some shelter. Afterwards, they started their journey and went to Acre, to Jerusalem, and then to Fustat (Cairo), where they settled themselves in 1166 (Jacobs &Broyde). In Egypt, Maimonides had to face a number of misfortunes right in the starting years. Jacobs and Broyde had mentioned in their article that his father, Mai mon had died during that period too. After the demise of his father, his brother â€Å"David†had taken the responsibility of supporting the family by trading of precious stones. His financial support had provided Maimonides with the comfort of continuing and devoting himself to study Torah and author his first scholarly work on the Mishnah which started in 1166 and finished in 1168. This work of Maimonides was established as a seminal work in the Jewish Law. But it was not the end of losses for Maimonides, as his brother got perished in the sea in 1171. With his brother, his own fortune along with the large sums of other traders that had been entrusted upon David, were also lost with him. That event had affected the health of Maimonides and he remained sick for a long time span. After recovering his